Present Tense

  

Present Tense

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TENSES:

It is a form of verb that expresses time.  It helps us to express when, and how a person or thing is done. The verb refers to three types of tenses.

Present Tense

Past Tense

Future Tense

PRESENT TENSES

The present tense is those grammatical sentences that discuss things happening in the present. They are divided into four types:

Present Indefinite

Present Continuous

Present Perfect

Present Perfect Continuous

                                                1.  Present Indefinite (Affirmative)

Present Indefinite affirmative are those sentences which don't tell or discuss the specific time. In these tenses with a third singular subject, we use 's' or 'es' but with 'I' and plural subject we use the first form of the verb but don't use 's' or 'es'. 

• Sub + verb (v1)/s(es)+obj.

1. I wear new shoes.

2. Hassan cleans his teeth.

3. Harry tells a lie.

4. I know how to swim.

5. He writes good stories.

Present Indefinite (Negative)

In negative sentences we use ''does not'' for the third person singular subject and ''do not'' for the plural one.

• Sub + do(es) + not + verb (v1)/+obj.

1.  He does not always tell a lie.

2.  The hen does not drink milk.

3. We do not know you.

4. She does not run this bakery.

5. You do not go for a walk in the morning.

Present Indefinite (Interrogative)

In the interrogative tense 'Do' or 'Does' comes before the subject.  

• Do(es) + sub + verb(v1)/+obj.

1. Do flowers bloom in Autumn?

2. Does he listen to you?

3. Do you deal in spices?

4. Do you wear new clothes?

5. Does he hate anyone?

2. Present Continuous (Affirmative Tenses)

In present continuous Affirmative tenses, we use  'is', 'am', or 'are' with the first form of the verb with 'ing'. 

• S + am/is/are + v-ing + obj.

1. My friends are playing in the garden. 

2. I am painting the wall.

3. She is turning the light on.

4. The woman is baking a loaf of bread.

5. He is coming to see me.

Present Continuous (Negative Tenses)

In Negative sentences, we use 'not' after am, is, or not with the first form of the verb and 'ing'. 

• S + am/is/are + not + v-ing + obj.

1. He is not crying.

2. The dogs are not barking.

3. I  am not drinking milk.

4. The baby is not sleeping.

5. The cook is not cooking food.

Present Continuous (Interrogative Tenses)

In Interrogative 'is', 'am', or 'are' is used before the subject.

• Is/am/are + S + v-ing + obj.

1. Is the bus coming in this way?

2. Am I not calling you?

3. Is the bus driver driving fast?

4. Are the players winning the match?

5. Is Sarah cooking food in the kitchen?

3. Present Perfect Tense (Affirmative)

In Present Perfect Affirmative tenses we use 'has' with the singular subject and 'have' with the plural subject with the Third Form of the Verb.

• S + have/has + past participle.

1. They have written the story.

2. I have taken my medicine.

3. She has passed the examination.

4. The winter season has started.

5. She has eaten her lunch. 

Present Perfect Tense (Negative)

In a negative tense, we use 'not' with 'have' or 'has' and the third form of the verb.

• S + have not/has not + past participle.

1. The Queen hasn't worn the gown.

2. The government hasn't closed the school.

3. The cat has not caught the mice.

4. He hasn't finished his work.

5. I have not seen this man at a party.

Present Perfect Tenses (Interrogative)

In interrogative we use 'has', 'have', or question words at the starting of a sentence.

• Have/has + S + past participle.

1. Have they finished their work?

2. Have the candidates solved the paper?

3. When has your son gone abroad?

4. Have you won the match?

5. Why have you given all your wealth?

4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense (Affirmative)

While translating Present Perfect Continuous Affirmative sentences we use 'been' with have and has with the first form of the verb and 'ing'.

• S + have/has + been + v-ing.

1. The boy has been playing for two hours.

2. Anna has been cooking food since noon.

3.. The students have been working hard for two years.

4. The old lady has been living in this castle since 1892.

5. The players have been playing cricket since 2 o'clock.

Present Perfect Continuous Tense (Negative)

We use 'not' between has been and have been along the first form of the verb and 'ing'.

• S + have/has + not + been + v-ing.

1. He has not been going to school for two weeks.

2. The tailor has not been sewing clothes since Sunday.

3. He has not been taking a pension for the last two years. 

4. The girls are not making noise for the last 3 hours

5. The butcher has not been selling meat for several weeks.

Present Perfect Continuous Tense (Interrogative)

'Has' and 'Have' come before the subject and after Question words. 

• Have/has + S + been + v-ing.

1. Since when the farmers have been harvesting?

2. Have people been mourning the death of the robber since yesterday?

3. Has it been raining since evening?

4. Has she been writing a new novel for 1 year?

5. Have the students been working hard for many days?